Incinerator



Jan. 20, 1931.

Jan. 20, 1931. BREITWESER 1,789,893

* INCINERATOR Filed 001;. 3, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Jan. 20, 193 I I E. BRIEITWIESER 1 1,789,893

INCINERATOR Filed Oct. 3, 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Jan. 20, 1931 UNITED- STAT PATENT OFFICE. v

' EDWARD BREIT'WIESER, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK, AS SIGNOR TOBU'FFALQ CO-OIPERA TIVE STOVE 00., F BUFFALO, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK INCINERATOR Application ma October '3, 192s. Serial at. 310,129.

This invention relates to an incinerator for destroying the garbage, refuse and Waste derived from kitchens or households, and to dispose of the same in the minimum length of time with a minimum consumption of gas and without perceptible smoke or odor.

It has been found that the rapid and complete incineration of garbage and particularly damp garbage is largely dependent upon the thorough and direct heating of the garbage by means of a gas flame or the like which dries the garbage out preparatory to its cremation.

The principal object of the presentfinvention therefore is to provide a fire pot and means associated therewith whereby the flame from the gas burner passes: around the fire pot and also through the center of the same and thereby heats, dries and burns the garbage both from the centerand from the outside of the mass. i v

A further aim is to so construct the fire pot and the means providing the central passa e through the mass of garbage, that. under 111 normal conditions passages are provided for the burning gas bet-ween the garbage and the fire pot and through the central column, and. in the event that the fire pot should be overloaded to an extent which blocks-these passages, the flame from the gas will 'burn such passages free and after a relatively short preparatory burning will pass, through the garbage in the manner described, and completely incinerate the same in a short time bv reason of its direct contact with the refuse incinerator in which the fire pot and its associated elements can be constructed at low cost, thereby permitting of producing an incinerator at a lower price.

A further object is to provide an incinerator which will function satisfactorily at all times and with alarge variety of materials and which will function satisfactorily even when overloaded or whenrun under adverse conditions.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section.

through an incinerator embodying the preferred form of my invention. 7

Figure 2 is'a similar view showing a modified form of my invention. Figure 3 is a horizontal line 3-3 Fig. 1.

Figure 4 is a horizontal section taken on line 44 Fig. 2. v

a; Similar characters ofreference indicate like parts in the several views of the drawingsz- Inits general organization this invention comprises an incinerator having a combussection. taken on tion chamber, a fire pot, and a chamber for the reception of ashes in which the burner is arranged below the fire pot and-in'which the fire pot is open on its underside and corru gated so as to provide vertical passages which permit the flames from the burner to pass along the corrugations and between the fire pot and the refuse, and'thereby bring the flames into direct'and intimate contact with the refuse and secure the maximum drying and incinerating effect therefrom.

A skeleton member having preferably the formof a helical or spiral bar is also supportedat the center of the fire pot so as to provide a vertical column-through which the burning gases pass and heat and dry the garbage from the center 01 the mass, this skeleton member also permitting direct contact between the flame and the garbage to promotethe incineration thereof.

I In both forms of the invention the incinerator housing in connection with which the inventionis adapted tobe used is preferably constructed as follows The numeral 5 represents a combustion chamber which is formed Within an enclosing casing, housing or shell, consisting of an upright wall 6 and a top 7 which is provided with a smoke pipe 8 leading-to a chimney or other flue, whereby the products of combustion are conducted to the exterior of the buildingin which the incinerator is installed. Ice

In the lower part of this casing is arranged an ash pit 9 which is closed by a bottom 10 and from which the ashes are removed through a clean-out door 11. In order to prevent injury to the outer shell 6 the same is preferably lined with a heat resistant lining 12 applied to the same in any suitable manner.

The combustion chamber is bounded by an inner cylindrical shell 13 which is spaced from the outer shell or casing so as to provide a passage 1% which is open at its lower end to the ash pit 9. This shell is suitably supported at its lower end by a plurality of brackets 15 and at its upper end is secured to the top 7 of the incinerator. Around the combustion chamber this shell is provided with a plurality of perforations 17 which permit air from the ash pit to pass through the passage 1% between the outer shell and the inner shell and through the perforations 17 in the combustion chamber, andthereby provide fresh air for the burning gas in the combustion chamber and also provide for the complete combustion of the same and the destruction of all noxious odors before the same escape to the smoke stack 8. v

The garbage to be destroyed is introduced through a door 18, which door may be of any suitable construction and is mounted in a frame 19 which extends through both the inner shell and the outer shell, as shown in Fig. 1, and permits the garbage to be deposited in a fire pot 20. This fire pot is made of cast iron and at its upper end is provided with a plurality of lugs 21 which are supported on brackets 22, these bracketsbeing secured to the inner shell 13 by bolts 2301' in any suitable manner. The sides of the fire pot converge downwardly so as to provide a fire pot which is of inverted frusto-conical form, having a relatively large opening at its lower end. Below this opening is arranged a burner 25 which is composed of a circular head 26 of channel form and is covered by a plate 27 which extends beyond the inner and outer sides of the head 26, and is formed to provide an opening 28 at its center, as shown in Fig. 1. v

The gas for this burner is supplied from a supply pipe 29 and is controlled by a valve 30 the same aassin throu 'h a mixer 81 and into a pipe 33 which is formed integrally with the burner head 26. From the burner head the gas is discharged through a series of ports 34 and 35,. the inner series of ports being provided in annular arrangement in the inner wall of the burner and directing flames laterally toward the center of the opening 28 in the burner cover 27 and the outer series 35 directing abank of flames laterally outwardly from the burner.

To prevent the garbage which is supported on the upper plate 27 of the burner from being compacted in the form. of a dense mass on the same, ridges or fins 36 are formed on the upper surface of the same. By this arrangement the gas issuing from the burner strikes the lower part of the fire pot and also the exposed garbage at the lower end of the same. i

In order to provide passages between the fire pot and the mass of garbage contained within the same the fire pot is formed so as to provide vertical corrugations 37 which ex tend from the opening 24: at the bottom to the opened upper end of the same. These corrugations are provided on all sides of the fire pot and by means of the same the gas from the burner 26 is enabled, upon strikingthe lower end of the fire pot, to find passage along the corrugations andbetween the refuse and the fire pot, so that even at the start of the incineration the burning gases come into direct contact with the side of the mass of garbage and materially promote incineration of the same.

To; increase the direct contact between the burning gases and the mass of garbage; each ofthecorrugations 37 is provided with a slot 88 which extends upwardly from the lower end of the fire pot. These slots are not sufiiciently wide to permit of refuse fall ing through, but permit the flames to come into directcontact'with the gar age and incinerate the same.

In the event that the garbage should be of such character as to completely fill the chan nels formed by the corrugations and thereby prevent the initial passage of burning gas between the fire pot and the mass of refuse as described, the burning gas passes up along the outer side of the fire pot and past the upper edge thereof. This burning gas heats the fire pot and particularly the outwardly extending corrugations thereof, and in a short time burns the material which rests against the corrugations and provides a passage for'the gasalong the corrugations between the fire pot and the refuse in the manner described. By this means the eX- tensive contact between the burning gas and the outer sides of the mass of garbage is insured regardless of the kind of material being incinerated. v

In order to increase the surface of the refuse which is subject to the heat of the burning gas and also to increase the surface of the garbage which is actually in contact with the burning gas, a centralskeleton support 39 is provided which is supported on the burner and extends upwardly through the center of the mass of garbage. In the form shown in Fig. 1 this skeleton support is composed of a helical bar, the convolutlons of which are sufficiently large to provide an adequate passage forthe burning gas through the same, and the lower end thereof is secured to the cover plate 27 of the burner by means of a screw 40,071 in any other suitable manner. By the provision of this helical column 39 the gas from the inner series of ports 34 in the burner passes up through the center of the convolutions of the helical bar 39 and passout into the combustion chamber.

By making this member of the form described, the burning gas comes into direct contact with the garbage at the cent-er of the mass, and'thereby not only dries the same but also incinerates the center of the mass in the minimum length of time. In the event that the fire pot is overloaded so as to completely cover the central column, the action of the burning gas from the top of the pile of refuse in the incinerator and also from the center of this skeleton member, will soon clear a passage through the top of the refuse and enable the incinerator to function in its normal manner.

In order to prevent the garbage from falling through to the ash pit through the passage provided around the upper end of the fire pot, this passage being necessary to provide the corrugations in the fire pot and also to permit of the passage of burning gas around the fire pot when the channels through the same are rendered inoperative, a baflle or guard 41 is provided which rests on the fire pot. As shown, this guard is of annular form and slopes inwardly so as to deflect the refuse into the fire pot and at spaced intervals is provided with legs 42 which rest on the lugs 21 by means of which the fire pot is supported from the inner shell 13 of the incinerator.

The modified form of the invention shown in Figs. 2 and 4 is similar in operation to the preferred form, but in this form the fire pot, instead of having sloping sides is straight sided. As best shown in Fig.2 the fire pot 43 in this form is generally of cylindrical form, the sides being formed to pro vide vertical corrugations 44 which permit the burning gas to either pass between the fire pot and the inner shell 13 or through the passages formed} by the corrugations between the fire pot and the refuse. In this form the central skeleton member or helical bar 45 which provides a passage through the center of the mass of garbage, is preferably tapered in form, the convolutions being relatively wide at the bottom or where the same is attached to the burner, and comparatively small at the top.

In view of the relatively large opening provided at the bottom of the fire pot, a grate 46 is required, this grate completely enclosing the bottom of the fire pot around the burner, and preferably being of such form as to permit of shaking the same. In this construction the baflie 47 which prevents garbage from falling between the fire pot and the inner shell is preferably directly supported from 6 the inner shell by means of brackets 4P8, In

The central skeleton or spiral member 45 acts in the same manner as the cylindrical I spiral 39 in the preferred construction, in that it permits the burning gasesto pass up through thecenterofthe mass of garbage and in direct contact therewith so as to completely and rapidly consume the? pile of garbage from its center. I

As a whole thisinvention presents a very simple and effective means for bringing the buring gas from the burner into direct contact with the pile of garbage both atits outside and from its center, and thereby enable the incineration of the garbage in the minimum length of time and with a minimum consumption of gas. It also functions effectively when overloaded and will not readily get out of order regardless of the manner in which it is manipulated.

I claim as my invention 1. In combination with an incinerator having a casing, a fire pot arranged within said casing and having an opening in its lower end, and a burner arranged below said opening and adapted to direct a. flame along the refuse exposed in said opening, a helical bar extending up through said fire pot, said helical bar forming a vertical passage through said refuse and exposing a substantial surface of the refuse to the burning gas conducted therethrough.

2. In an incinerator, a casing, a fire pot arranged in said casing and having an open ing at its lower end, a burner arranged immediately below said opening and supporting the refuse in said fire pot, said burner comprising an annular hollow head having a series of opposed ports and a series of out- I wardly directed ports, an'annular plate secured to the upper side of said head and overhanging the same, and means for supplying at its lowerend, a burner arranged immediately below said opening and supporting the refuse in said firepot, said burner comprising an annular hollow head having a series of opposed ports and a series of outwardly directed ports, an annular'plate secured to the upper side of said head and overhanging the same, and means for supplying gas to said head and a hollow member secured to ,7

said plate and extending upwardly through said fire pot, said outwardly directed ports being adapted to direct fial es along the bottom of the refuse exposed at the lower end of said fire pot and around said fire pot and said opposed ports directing flames through the passage formed by said hollow member and in direct contact with the refuse at the center of the fire pot.

In testimony whereof I hereby afiix my signature.

EDWARD BREITVVIESER. 

